In fact, portal hypertension is the most common cause of esophageal varices.

其实高压症是食管曲张最常见原因。

The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis.

高压症最常见原因是肝硬化。

Portal hypertension can also cause blood to back up into the spleen causing congestive splenomegaly, meaning the enlarged spleen.

高压症还能导致血液向脾脏回流，造成充血性脾肿，即脾。

Another consequence of portal hypertension is that the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels release more nitric oxide.

高压症另一种后果是血管内皮细胞会释放更多一氧化氮。

Now causes of portal hypertension can be classified as pre-hepatic, intra-hepatic or post-hepatic, depending on where the obstruction is.

而高压症原因可以被分为肝前型、肝内型和肝后性，这取决于阻塞部位。

When this happens, venous blood accumulates in the hepatic portal system, causing pressure to rise above 12 mmHg, which defines portal hypertension.

当这种情况发生时，血会在肝系统里蓄积，导致压力上升到12mHg以上，这就是高压症定义。

All right, as a quick recap, portal hypertension is when the pressure in the hepatic portal system is greater than 12 mmHg.

得！快速回顾一下：高压症是指肝系统压力于12mmHg。

Portal hypertension leads to the formation of Portosystemic shunts, which is when blood is diverted away from the portal venous system and backs up into the systemic veins.

高压症可导致-体系统分流形成，即血液从系统转向分流，回到了体系统。

The features of portal hypertension can be remembered as ABCDE, where A stands for Ascites, B for Bleeding, C for Caput Medusae, D for Diminished liver function, and E for Enlarged spleen.

高压症特点可以用ABCDE来记：A指是腹水，B是流血，C是海蛇头，D指肝功能下降，E指脾脏肿。

As the central veins and sinusoids become compressed and push on the fluid inside, their pressure starts to build up, leading to intrasinusoidal (or portal) hypertension, which is this higher pressure in the portal veins.

中央和血窦受压导致它们中间液体也受到挤压，导致高压，即压力升高。

The gold standard for determining if there is portal hypertension is obtaining a hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement where a catheter is inserted inside the inferior vena cava and then inside the portal vein to measure the difference between both pressures.

确定是否存在高压症金标准是测量肝压力梯度，即将导管先后插入下腔、内测量两个压力之间差异。